Gujarat Board | Class 10Th | English (Prose) | Model Question Paper & Solution | Chapter – 5 Playing with Fire

Sunday, April 10, 2016. 12:06 p.m.

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, India – The Hindu temple in southern India was packed with thousands for a religious festival early Sunday when the fireworks began – an unauthorized pyrotechnic display that went horribly wrong. Explosions and a massive fire swept rapidly through the Puttingal temple complex about 3 a.m. in the village of Paravoor, killing 102 people and injuring 380 others. Scores of devotees ran in panic as the massive initial blast cut off power in the complex, while other explosions sent flames and debris raining down, a witness said. Many people were trapped inside. “It was complete chaos,” said Krishna Das of Paravoor “People were screaming in the dark. Ambulance sirens went off, and in the darkness no one knew how to find their way out of the complex.” Das said the first deafening explosion occurred as the fireworks display was about to end and as he was walking away. It was followed by a series of blasts, he added.

Ans. False

Ans. False

Ans. True

Ans. True

Ans. True

A. shower of colours

B. excitement

C. loud explosion

D. sound and light

Ans. D. sound and light

A. heat and smoke

B. oxygen and nitrogen

C. potassium nitrate, charcoal, sulphur

D. charcoal, gas and magnesium

Ans. C. potassium nitrate, charcoal, sulphur

A. China

B. Japan

C. United Kingdom

D. the USA

Ans. A. China

A. a priest – China

B. a scientist – England

C. a priest – England

D. a historian – Japan

Ans. C. a priest – England

A. fear of fire

B. surprise

C. thrill

D. respect for science

Ans. C. thrill

A. carbon dioxide

B. oxygen

C. nitrogen

D. helium

Ans. B. oxygen

A. trained workers

B. reliable persons

C. the scientists

D. the monks

Ans. B. reliable persons

Ans. False

Ans. False

Ans. True

Ans. True

Ans. False

Ans. True

Ans. True

Ans. True

Ans. False

Ans. False

Ans. Some historians say that ‘black powder’, the basic material used in fireworks, was invented in India.

Ans. The basic formula of the black powder, or gun powder, has remained unchanged for centuries.

Ans. However, with the development of modern chemistry, light and colour effects have become common in fireworks.

Ans. In the last century, the discovery of aluminium, magnesium and titanium, which burn at high temperatures emitting bright light dramatically improved the brilliance of fireworks.

Ans. Though the mixture is stable if kept cool and dry, it can catch fire if heat is accidently applied, through too much friction sometimes, or from a spark or an impact.

Ans. However, since even children are allowed to play with fireworks in India, it is important to observe certain safety rules.

Ans. During the Second World War, these imports were stopped, and the safety match producers of Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu began manufacturing fireworks for Diwali.

Ans. The word ‘pyro’ means fire.

Ans. The household match is considered a special pyrotechnics device because all the pyrotechnics effects – heat, smoke, light, gas and sound – are present in it.

Ans. Roger Bacon wrote the formula of pyrotechnics in a code language because he considered ‘black powder’ a dangerous substance.

Ans. The basic formula of the black powder is a blend of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulphur in the ratio of 75:15:10 by weight.

Ans. The principle behind any firework is that when heat is applied to fuel (the gun powder), it burns using oxygen.

Ans. Fire accidents take place in Sivakasi because there are hardly any safety measures in force there.

Ans. Only a few reliable persons are taught the art of manufacturing fireworks because it is not considered safe to give everybody the details.

Ans. The different pyrotechnics effects in a household match are: heat, smoke, light, gas and sound.

Ans. Some historians say that ‘black powder’, the basic material used in fireworks, was invented in India. Shukranti, written more than two thousand years ago, has references to weapons similar to guns and projectile weapons,

Ans. An English monk, Roger Bacon, introduced ‘black powder’ in the West. He considered it such a dangerous substance that he wrote of it in a code language,

Ans. The discovery of aluminium, magnesium and titanium, which burn at high temperatures emitting bright light have improved the light and colour of fireworks,

Ans. Incandescent light is produced when a substance is heated so much that it begins to glow,

Ans. Though the mixture is stable if kept cool and dry, it can catch fire if heat is accidently applied, through too much friction sometimes, or from a spark or an impact.

Ans. In Sivakasi, fireworks are manufactured in a number of small units. Fireworks are manufactured three months before Diwali and transported to every nook and corner of the country. But there are very few testing facilities for quality or uniformity, and hardly any safety measures in force.

(science of fireworks – root word and meaning – a whole range of devices – safety matches-solid fuel rocket boosters of the space shuttle – pyrotechnic effects – heat, smoke, light, gas and sound)

Ans. The science of fireworks is technically called, ‘pyrotechnics-from the Greek word ‘pyr’ meaning fire and ‘technics’ meaning an art. Pyrotechnics includes not only fireworks but also a whole range of devices that use similar materials and principles, from safety matches that we use every day to solid fuel rocket boosters of the space shuttle. The household match is considered a special pyrotechnic device, as all the pyrotechnics effects-heat, smoke, light, gas and sound-are present in it.

(fireworks should be stored, handled and lit with care-never to be stored or unpacked near a flame, gas cylinder or heater – one should never wear long, loose clothes, or nylon clothes when lighting crackers – never ever be lit inside a house never bend over a firework – if you get a burn, go to a doctor instead of applying oil or ointment)

Ans. Fireworks should be stored, handled and lit with care. They should never be stored or unpacked near a flame, gas cylinder or heater. One should never wear long, loose clothes or nylon clothes when lighting crackers. And since the powder in crackers is poisonous, they should never be carried loose in your pocket or your hand. Also, fireworks should never ever be lit inside a house. Never bend over a firework when you are lighting it and never use fireworks to frighten people. If in spite of being careful, you do get a burn, go to a doctor instead of applying oil or ointment.

(‘black powder’ or gun powder, the basic material used in fireworks – was invented in India-Shukranti – more than two thousand years ago – in 1242, an English monk, Roger Bacon, revealed the formula for ‘black powder’- the basic formula of ‘the black powder’ or gun powder has remained unchanged for centuries)

Ans. Some historians say that ‘black powder’, the basic material used in fireworks, was invented in India. Shukranti, written more than two thousand years ago, has references to weapons similar to guns and projectile weapons. However, the Chinese are said to have developed ‘black powder’ more than one thousand years ago. It was only in 1242 that an English monk, Roger Bacon, revealed the formula for ‘black powder’. The basic formula of the black powder, or gun powder, has remained unchanged for centuries. It is a blend of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulphur in the ratio of 75:15:10 by weight.

(1) How do you dress up while bursting crackers?

(2) Did you ever have a bad experience during bursting crackers? Share it with class.

(3) Do you think your parents should remain present when you burst crackers?

(a town district Virudhunagar – Tamil Nadu – established in the 15th century during the reign of Pandya king Harikesari Parakkirama Pandian – had been a part of Madurai empire – Bhadrakali Amman Temple very famous-known for firecrackers, matchsticks and printing industries – over 25000 people employed in them-has 520 registered printing industries, 53 match factories, 32 chemical factories, 7 soda factories along with a number of firecracker manufacturers – combined estimated turnover is about 20 billion rupees – sometimes fire accidents due to negligence of safety standards)

Ans. Sivakasi is a small town in the district of Virudhunagar in Tamil Nadu. It was established in the 15th century during the reign of Pandya king Harikesari Parakkirama Pandian. It had been a part of the Madurai empire. Sivakasi is famous for the Bhadrakali Amman Temple. This town became well-known because of its industries manufacturing firecrackers. Basically, Sivakasi had industries manufacturing matchsticks only. But when India stopped importing firecrackers from China, these industries started manufacturing fireworks. Sivakasi also has many printing industries. More than 25000 people are employed in these industries. There are more than 520 registered printing industries, 53 match factories, 32 chemical factories, 7 soda factories along with a number of firecracker manufacturers. The combined estimated turnover is about 20 billion rupees. Sivakasi, though, is also in news for fire accidents due to negligence of safety standards in the firecrackers units.

(1) Preparation of pots and other pottery items.

(2) Preparation of any recipe (from TV show or ask your mother).

(3) Process of any production in your village / town/city.

(1) Take some clay (about a half pound) and start squishing it. Knead the clay well. Do not fold it over itself, as that would create air bubbles. Knead your clay until it’s workable. You can check your clay by cutting it in half with a wire. When you cut it and don’t see any air bubbles it is good enough to make a pot.

(2) Gently make it into a round ball.

(3) Dry the surface of the wheel.

(4) Put the ball of clay as close to the middle (of the wheel) as you can.

(5) Put the clay down into a cone shape. .

(6) Start spinning the wheel and wet your clay

(7) Now begin to center your clay. Center the clay by placing one hand on the side and the other on top of the clay cone. The hand on the side should push towards the middle of the wheel and the hand on top should just keep the clay from pushing up into a mess. You will know it is centered when the clay looks like it is not moving but the wheel is moving.

This step is extremely important. If your clay is not centered, it will be difficult/ impossible to make a nice pot.

(8) Wet your hands, and raise the clay into a cone, then squish it down into a thick hockey puck. You can do this a couple of times. It is called wheel wedging and it helps condition the clay. Make sure it is still centered when you are done.

(9) Stick your thumb slowly into the middle (spinning of course) until it leaves about 1/2 of an inch for the bottom. Also until it makes a round hole in the clay.

(10) Place your fingers on the edge of the hole. Place one hand on the outside and the other on the inside of the clay wall. Make sure they are directly in line with each other so that if you remove the clay from between them, your finger tips would touch.

(11) Pull up the walls by starting at the base of the pot and pulling towards the top with even pressure on you finger tips. Continue this until you reach your desired height or until the walls are about a centimetre thick.

(12) If you want the top to be a bit wider than the neck, slowly pull it out a bit.

(13) When you’re finished, get a wire and use it to cut the bottom off the wheel.

(14) Stop the wheel and wet the wheel (not the pot).

(15) Slowly pull the wire towards you until the pot is off the wheel.

(16) Dry it for about two days.

(17) Put in a kiln to make it strong. Then you glaze it and fire it in the kiln once more.

(1) One of our favourite festivals in India is Deepavali or Diwali, as it is known in the North. There is nothing to match the excitement when crackers go off in the night sky with a loud bang and a brilliant shower of colours. Many of us might wonder how these fireworks are made, and what goes into them. The physics and chemistry of fireworks is as interesting as the sound and the light they emit.

Ans. Nothing can match the excitement when crackers go off in the night sky with loud bang and a brilliant shower of colours.

Ans. The physics and chemistry of fireworks is as interesting as the sound and the light they emit.

(2) The science of fireworks is technically called, ‘pyrotechnics’ – from the Greek word ‘pyr’ meaning fire and ‘technics’ meaning an art. Pyrotechnics includes not only fireworks but also a whole range of devices that use similar materials and principles, from safety matches that we use every day to solid fuel rocket boosters of the space shuttle. The household match is considered a special pyrotechnic device, as all the pyrotechnics effects – heat, smoke, light, gas and sound – are present in it.

Ans. Pyrotechnics is the science of fireworks.

Ans. The word ‘pyr’ means fire.

Ans. Pyrotechnics includes not only fireworks but also a whole range of devices that use similar materials and principles, from safety matches to solid fuel rocket boosters of the space shuttle.

Ans. The household match is a special pyrotechnic device because all the pyrotechnics effects – heat, smoke, light, gas and sound – are present in it.

Ans. The different pyrotechnics effects in a household match are heat, smoke, light, gas and sound.

(3) Some historians say that ‘black powder’, the basic material used in fireworks, was invented in India. Shukranti, written more than two thousand years ago, has references to weapons similar to guns and projectile weapons.

Ans. The basic material used in fireworks is black powder.

Ans. Shukranti has references to weapons similar to guns and projectile weapons.

(4) However, the Chinese are generally considered the pioneers of pyrotechnics. They are said to have developed, ‘black powder’ more than one thousand years ago. It took at least two hundred years for the knowledge to spread to the west, and it was only in 1242 that an English monk, Roger Bacon, revealed the formula for “black powder”. He considered it such a dangerous substance that he wrote of it in a code language.

Ans. The Chinese are said to be the pioneers of pyrotechnics.

Ans. The Chinese developed black powder more than one thousand years ago.

Ans. Roger Bacon, an English monk, revealed the formula for black powder in 1242.

Ans. Roger Bacon wrote about black powder in code language because he considered it a very dangerous substance.

Ans. According to Roger Bacon, black powder was a very dangerous substance.

(5) The basic formula of the black powder, or gun powder, has remained unchanged for centuries. It is a blend of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulphur in the ratio of 75:15:10 by weight. It is almost the perfect combination as it is and no further improvements or alternations need be made. Experts say that this might be the only chemical product still using the same age old proportions and manufacturing techniques.

Ans. The basic formula of black powder has remained unchanged for centuries.

Ans. Black powder is a blend of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulphur in the ratio of 75:15:10 by weight.

Ans. Experts say that black powder might be the only chemical product still using the same age old proportions and manufacturing techniques.

(6) However, with the development of modern chemistry, light and colour effects have become common in fireworks. In the last century, the discovery of aluminium, magnesium and titanium, which burn at high temperatures emitting bright light dramatically improved the brilliance of fireworks. Similarly, colours too are a recent development. The principal colour emitters in pyrotechnics were identified after decades of research. These colours are formed in one of two ways luminescence and incandescence.

Ans. As a result of the development of modern chemistry, light and colour effect have become common in fireworks.

Ans. The discovery of aluminium, magnesium and titanium, which burn at high temperatures emitting bright light has improved the brilliance of fireworks.

Ans. The principal colour emitters in pyrotechnics were identified after decades of research.

Ans. Colours are formed in one of two ways luminescence and incandescence.

(7) Incandescent light is produced when a substance is heated so much that it begins to glow. Heat causes the substance to become hot and glow, initially emitting infra red, then red, orange, yellow and white light as it becomes increasingly hotter. When the temperature of a firework is controlled, the glow of its metallic substances can be manipulated to be a desired colour at the proper time.

Ans. Incandescent light is produced when a substance is heated so much that it begins to glow.

Ans. When the substance becomes hot, initially it emits infra red light.

Ans. When the substance becomes increasingly hotter, it emits white light.

Ans. The temperature of a firework is controlled so that the glow of its metallic substances can be manipulated to be a desired colour at the proper time.

(8) The principle behind any firework is that when heat is applied to fuel (the gun powder), it burns using oxygen. However, because the fuel is packed tightly to keep the heat in, the burning takes place all of a sudden and it causes the characteristic loud noise. The actual manufacturing process of firework is simple. The raw materials required are fuel, binders, oxidisers (to make it burn), and a few other materials. The ingredients are ground and mixed well, the mixture is pushed through a machine from which it comes out as long rolls or strips, and then rolled in cardboard or old newspapers with a fuse.

Ans. The principle behind any firework is that when heat is applied to the gun powder, it burns using oxygen.

Ans. When the fuel is packed tightly, the heat is kept in and the burning takes place all of a sudden and it causes the characteristic loud noise.

Ans. The raw materials required to manufacture fireworks are fuel, binders, oxidisers and a few other materials.

Ans. The ingredients are ground, mixed well, pushed through a machine from which it comes out as long rolls or strips, and then rolled in cardboard or old newspapers with a fuse.

(9) The greatest danger of pyrotechnics is that it deals with fire. The industry is notorious for its accidents, whether in the U.S.A., Japan or India. Though the mixture is stable if kept cool and dry, it can catch fire if heat is accidently applied, through too much friction sometimes, or from a spark or an impact. Scientists are looking for ways of making fireworks safer.

Ans. The greatest danger of pyrotechnics is that it deals with fire.

Ans. The mixture is stable if kept cool and dry, but it can catch fire if heat is accidently applied, through too much friction, or from a spark or an impact.

(10) In India, fireworks used to be imported from China. During the Second World War, these imports were stopped, and the safety match producers of Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu began manufacturing fireworks for Deepavali. In 1992, the country used about 60 crores worth of firework and 60 to 70 per cent of this came from Sivakasi.

Ans. Fireworks were imported from China.

Ans. The import of fireworks was stopped during the Second World War.

Ans. The safety match producers of Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu began manufacturing fireworks in India.

Ans. About 60 to 70 per cent of fireworks in the country came from Sivakasi.

(11) In Sivakasi, fireworks are manufactured in a number of small units. Three months before the festival is the busiest time for these units. Fireworks are transported to every nook and corner of the country. The working conditions of these units are however far from satisfactory. There are very few testing facilities for quality or uniformity, and hardly any safety measures in force. This is why we hear of accidents in Sivakasi year after year. It is very difficult to get information on how to manufacture fireworks because it is not considered safe to give everybody the details. Only a very few reliable persons are taught this art.

Ans. Fire accidents take place in Sivakasi because there are hardly any safety measures in force there and there are very few testing facilities for quality or uniformity.

Ans. Only a few reliable persons are taught the art of manufacturing fireworks because it is not considered safe to give everybody the details.

Ans. In Sivakasi, fireworks are manu- factured in a number of small units.

Ans. Three months before the festival of Diwali is the busiest time for the units.

(12) In many countries, fireworks are not allowed to be used by individuals. Only community displays, specially organized with the help of experts, are allowed. A great deal of care is taken for safety at these displays. However, since even children are allowed to play with fireworks in India, it is important to observe certain safety rules.

Ans. In many countries, only community displays, specially organized with the help of experts, are allowed.

Ans. We should observe safety rules in India because even children are allowed to play with fireworks.

(13) Fireworks should be stored, handled and lit with care. They should never be stored or unpacked near a flame, gas cylinder or heater. One should never wear long, loose clothes or nylon clothes when lighting crackers. And since the powder in crackers is poisonous, they should never be carried loose in your pocket or your hand. Also, fireworks should never ever be lit inside a house. Never bend over a firework when you are lighting it and never use fireworks to frighten people. If in spite of being careful, you do get a burn, go to a doctor instead of applying oil or ointment.

Ans. Fireworks should be stored, handled and lit with care.

Ans. Fireworks should never be stored or unpacked near a flame, gas cylinder or heater.

Ans. While lighting fireworks, we should not wear long, loose or nylon clothes.

Ans. We should not carry crackers in our hand because the powder in them is poisonous.

Ans. Fireworks should never be lit inside a house and we should never bend over a firework when we are lighting it.

Ans. If you do get a burn, go to a doctor instead of applying oil or ointment.

(1) at least – a century

This fort was built at least two centuries ago.

(2) transport – every nook and corner

Ramjibhai’s trucks transport goods to every nook and corner of the country.

(3) facility – in spite of

The students are grumbling in spite of all the good facilities in the hostel.

(4) monk-spread

The Buddhist monk travelled all over the world to spread the message of Buddha.

(5) dramatically – recent

The use of mobiles has dramatically increased in recent times.

(6) desired – manipulate

The teacher has manipulated the marks to give the desired result.

(7) organize-community display

The sarpanch of our village has organized a community display of fireworks.

(What is pyrotechnics? – What is the root word and its meaning? – What does pyrotechnics include ?-Why is the household match a special pyrotechnic device? – Who are the pioneers of pyrotechnics?-What is the greatest danger of pyrotechnics ?)

Ans. The science of fireworks is called, ‘pyrotechnics’. It is derived from the Greek word ‘pyr’ meaning fire and ‘technics’ meaning an art. Pyrotechnics includes not only fireworks but also a whole range of devices that use similar materials and principles, from safety matches that we use every day to solid fuel rocket boosters of the space shuttle. The household match is considered a special pyrotechnic device, as all the pyrotechnics effects – heat, smoke, light, gas and sound – are present in it. The Chinese are considered the pioneers of pyrotechnics. The greatest danger of pyrotechnics is that it deals with fire.

(black powder or gun powder – basic material used in fireworks – was invented in India Shukranti – more than two thousand years ago Chinese developed black powder more than one thousand years ago-in 1242, an English monk, Roger Bacon, revealed the formula for black powder – written in code language – the basic formula of ‘the black powder or gun powder-ratio- remained unchanged for centuries)

Ans. Black powder, also known as gun powder, is the basic material used in fireworks. Some historians say that it was invented in India. Shukranti, written more than two thousand years ago, has references to weapons similar to guns and projectile weapons. However, the Chinese are said to have developed black powder more than one thousand years ago. In 1242, an English monk, Roger Bacon, revealed the formula for black powder. He considered it such a dangerous substance that he wrote of it in code language. The basic formula of the black powder has remained unchanged for centuries. It is a blend of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulphur in the ratio of 75:15:10 by weight.

(fireworks should be stored, handled and lit with care – never to be stored or unpacked near a flame, gas cylinder or heater – never wear long, loose clothes, or nylon clothes while lighting crackers – never light inside a house – never bend over a firework – if you get a burn, go to a doctor instead of applying oil or ointment)

Ans. Fireworks should be stored, handled and lit with care. They should never be stored or unpacked near a flame, gas cylinder or heater. One should never wear long, loose clothes or nylon clothes when lighting crackers. And since the powder in crackers is poisonous, they should never be carried loose in your pocket or in your hand. Fireworks should never be lit inside a house. Never bend over a firework when you are lighting it. If you do get a burn, go to a doctor instead of applying oil or ointment.

(From where were fireworks imported? -When were these imports stopped? – Who started manufacturing fireworks in India? Where are they manufactured in Sivakasi?-Which is the busiest time?-Why are there many accidents every year?)

Ans. In India, fireworks used to be imported from China. But these imports were stopped during the Second World War. The safety match producers of Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu began manufacturing fireworks. In Sivakasi, fireworks are manufactured in a number of small units. Three months before Diwali is the busiest time for these units. Fireworks are transported to every nook and corner of the country. But the working conditions of these units are not satisfactory. There are very few testing facilities for quality or uniformity. There are hardly any safety measures in force. That is why there are many accidents in Sivakasi every year.

(1) There is nothing to match the excitement when crackers go off in the night sky with a loud bang and a brilliant shower of colours.

(2) The physics and chemistry of fireworks is as interesting as the sound and the light they emit.

(3) The science of fireworks is technically called, ‘pyrotechnics’

(4) The household match is considered a special pyrotechnic device, as all the pyrotechnics effects

(5) Some historians say that ‘black powder’, the basic material used in fireworks, was invented in India.

(6) Shukranti, written more than two thousand years ago, has references to weapons similar to guns and projectile weapons.

(7) The Chinese are generally considered the pioneers of pyrotechnics.

(8) An English monk, Roger Bacon, revealed the formula for “black powder”.

(9) He considered it such a dangerous substance that he wrote of it in a code language.

(10) The basic formula of the black powder, or gun powder, has remained unchanged for centuries.

(11) Experts say that this might be the only chemical product still using the same age old proportions and manufacturing techniques.

(12) However, with the development of modem chemistry, light and colour effects have become common in fireworks.

(13) Incandescent light is produced when a substance is heated so much that it begins to glow.

(14) Heat causes the substance to become hot and glow,

(15) The principle behind any firework is that when heat is applied to fuel (the gun powder), it burns using oxygen.

(16) The greatest danger of pyrotechnics is that it deals with fire.

(17) The industry is notorious for its accidents, whether in the U.S.A., Japan or India.

(18) Scientists are looking for ways of making fireworks safer.

(19) In India, fireworks used to be imported from China.

(20) During the Second World War, these imports were stopped,

(21) The safety match producers of Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu began manufacturing fireworks for Deepavali.

(22) Three months before the festival is the busiest time for these units.

(23) Fireworks are transported to every nook and corner of the country.

(24) There are very few testing facilities for quality or uniformity, and hardly any safety measures in force.

(25) Only a very few reliable persons are taught this art.

(26) In many countries, fireworks are not allowed to be used by individuals.

(27) Only community displays, specially organized with the help of experts, are allowed.

(28) They should never be stored or unpacked near a flame, gas cylinder or heater.

(29) Since the powder in crackers is poisonous, they should never be carried loose in your pocket or your hand.

(1) who has won / is the boy / the gold medal / Raj

(2) go to bed/how often / at 9 p.m./ do you

(3) of Sivakasi/began manufacturing / the match producers / fireworks

(1) Raj is the boy who has won the gold medal.

(2) How often do you go to bed at 9 p.m.?

(3) The match producers of Sivakasi began manufacturing fireworks.